Who can forget it, whether it is the traditional storybook Snow White,or Kristen Stewart's portrayal of the princess of many a little girl's dream? But like every storybook heroine, every girl needs her helpers. Into the picture, Snow White's Seven Dwarves.
1)Hydroquinone
How and Why it works
It is a strong antioxidant. Hydroquinone works by getting to the root of the problem--suppressing melanin synthesis and production. In short,melanin production goes down, and so does skin darkening.
Usage
Topical.Available in cosmetics in concentration of 2%, or 4 % and above via prescription.
Pros & Cons
It lightens rather than give an artificial bleached effect. However, it can irritate sensitive skin, especially when in higher concentrations and combined with trentinoin.
2)Arbutin
How and Why it works
Works via melanin inhibition. Exists in two forms, alpha and beta (commonly known as bearberry extract), of which the alpha is more stable.
Usage
Topical, available in cosmetics
Pros &Cons
Although a form of hydroquinone, it is considered to be safer alternative.Sourced from natural sources such as bearberry and mulberry.
3)Kojic Acid
How and Why it works
Inhibits melanin
Usage
Topical, available in cosmetics.
Pros & Cons
Unstable and loses efficacy in the presence of sunlight and air. Can cause skin irritation, and allergic contact dermatitis in sensitive skin. Alternative form of Kojic Dipalmitate used by many cosmetic companies. A good antioxidant,it has not been shown to be as effective as Kojic Acid.
4)Azelaic Acid
How and Why it works
Used for acne medications/ treatments, but has also been shown to be effective at treating skin discolorations. May also inhibit melanin production.
Usage
In topical skin creams in concentrations of 10 to 20%.
Pros & Cons
No known major ones.
Coming up next, Vitamin C, Niacinamide and AHAs. Keep your fingers crossed for part 2!
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